The Usability and Safety Aspects of the Defibrillator Essay

The Usability and Safety Aspects of the Defibrillator - Essay Example The essay "The Usability and Safety Aspects of the Defibrillator" talks about the structure of an automated external defibrillator and the aspects of its usage. The evolution of the world has been accompanied by new, varied concepts. Needless to say, such variations have been felt in the way sets of equipment are designed. The manufacturing of sets of equipment has been persistently evolving. What appeared to matter so much, as far as the manufacturing of instruments was concerned, pertained to beauty and the size of the working of the instrument to enable it to serve the intended purposes. The transformations in the current, evolving world have changed the whole scenario. It is clearly depicted by concepts such as ergonomics, inclusivity, and work safety. As if not enough, desirable workplace environments has shaped the manufacturing process in certain ways, including the necessitation of incorporation of aspects pertaining to efficiency, as well as a reduction of stress at the workplace. Indeed, in the current world, ergonomic concepts and quality and safety of the equipment are arguably inseparable. Ergonomics concepts are inclined on coming up with designs of equipment and devices that are suitable for human operations. The objective of ergonomic concepts is to foster productivity while fulfilling the health requirements. The relevance of ergonomic concepts is most appreciable when designing products and equipment, as well as machines that contain interfaces that are not only reliable but easy to use., but easy for use (Beauchamin & Hays, 1996). Generally, there are several techniques and tools that are often used as approaches of human factors in addressing safety issues. These include usability testing, forcing functions, and sta ndardization and resiliency efforts. Human factors engineers often test new equipment and systems under the real world conditions in ensuring that unintended consequences of the new technologies are identified (Burns & Vincente, 1994). In most cases, usability testing can help in identifying workarounds. This paper seeks to discuss the safety measures in the design of each component in the automated external defibrillator (AED) with a focus on the reliability of the device in terms of bio-compatibility, mechanical failures, and electrical failures. Usability and Safety Aspect of the AED The automated external defibrillator is one of the portable electronic devices within the medical field that is used to automatically diagnose the potentially life threatening ventricular tachycardia and cardiac arrhythmias of the ventricular fibrillation in patients (Gliner et al. 1998). This device can treat these diseases through defibrillation, which is an application of the electrical therapy th at helps in stopping the arrhythmia, hence allowing the heart to be able to reestablish effective rhythm (Walsh & Krongrad, 1993). The automated external defibrillator (AEDs) has simple visual and audio commands that make them simple so that they can be used for layman. It is worth noting that in order to rate AEDs as being reliable in the diagnosis of heart related diseases, there was need for manufactures to take into consideration safety measures while designing each of the AED components in making sure the reliability of this device in terms of mechanical failures, bio-compatibility and electrical failures is guaranteed (Walsh & Krongrad, 1993). As a safety measure, the AED is designed in such a way that it can be used effectively and safely without any previous training. This implies that the use of the device is not restricted to the trained rescuers though training is often encouraged for purposes of helping improve on the time to correct pad placement and shock delivery. As often the case, the AEDs can analyze the ECG rhythm of a victim and be able to determine if a shock is needed. The semi-automatic AED often indicate the need for shock, which more often than not, gets delivered by an

Good Faith and English Contract Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Good Faith and English Contract Law - Essay Example Good faith is vital concept in law and it is a prime essence in contractual dealings. Persons are expected to act in good faith for fair dealings in day-to-day business contracts. The concept of good faith has a large bearing on contract law as well as law of obligations. In contract law good faith is indispensable element. Though the contract is formed with free consent or free will good faith is inseparable from contract1. 1. An institutional competent dimension: When good faith is viewed from this dimension in England the institutions of the law, which are the courts, interpret good faith according to needs for rendering justice. Thereby giving room for arbitrary decisions. If the doctrine of good faith introduced in law of contract there would be judicial restraint, judges loose the liberty of interpreting the concept. Their discretionary powers are restricted. Simultaneously equitable flexibility is also affected. 2. Formal dimension: When we view the good faith in formal dimension it appears as vague. When it is vague it is difficult to define the good faith to introduce into contract law. The term good faith has vague meaning, lot of efforts are to made to define the good faith to make it as a statute. ... Presently the Judges use this term in various occasions in rendering the justice using their profound experience and after legitimate study of the case. The vagueness of the term is cured with their professional knowledge and profound experience before the benefit of good faith is extended to the deserved. 3. Substantive dimension: Substantive dimension refers to the contractual ethics. Contractual ethics imposes duty of good faith on the contracting parties. When such ethics are broken what is remedy Like any ethics contracting ethics are moral of the individuals, which they are supposed to keep up. The contract law does not interfere on morals. When good faith, which is vital element in business contracts is left to the ethics, which is not protected under the contract law the interest of the parties is at risk. This risk can be avoided by introducing the doctrine of good faith into contract law. Historically good faith functioned as a binding element between people by formless contracts (pacta nuda) even if there was no written contracts, to confer priority to the intention of parties and contractual terms than their literal meaning. Such contracts inclined to substantive fairness qua the intended meaning of the contract. Contract is defined in English contract law: Since the good faith is a vital element in all contracts it is essential to have a brief view of what how contract is confined under the definition in English law. As per this definition, the essential ingredients of contract are a) consensus ad idem, b) consideration, c) legal object, d) capacity to contract. Apart from these, another ingredient i.e. intention of the parties is also important